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In the present review, we aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D in otolaryngological diseases. Since the recognition of vitamin D as a steroid hormone, it has attracted clinicians as a research issue due to its unique and complicated functions in human body processes. Numerous studies have investigated the association between vitamin D and human diseases, including in the otolaryngological field. However, although vitamin D alterations may theoretically be involved in the pathogenesis of several otolaryngological diseases, a clear association has not been demonstrated due to inconsistent results from the studies to date. Further randomized controlled trials with large patient populations are required to determine the exact role of vitamin D in otolaryngological diseases.